A study done by the IIT Kanpur has challenged the claim that electric cars are more environment-friendly than hybrid cars and conventional internal combustion engine cars. According to a study conducted by Prof Avinash Agarwal, the manufacturing, use and scrapping of electric cars is producing 15 to 50% more greenhouse gases (GHGs) than hybrid and conventional engine cars, In the per kilometre analysis, the purchase, insurance and maintenance of electronic vehicles are also costlier by 15-60%. The study also showed that hybrid electric cars are the most eco-friendly.